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General comment TYPE OF DATASET
For every chemical compound three datasets are created; the unit process (partially terminated system), the non-energy and transport component of the partially terminated system, and the cumulative life cycle inventory dataset (system process). For more information and flow chart see the report (ecoinvent, 2017, Data on the Production of Chemicals created for the EU Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) pilot phase implementation, www.ecoinvent.org, ecoinvent Association, Z\xc3\xbcrich, Switzerland). This dataset represent the cumulative life cycle inventory dataset (system process).
PROCESS DESCRIPTION
This dataset represents the production of 1 kg of aluminium sulfate. Aluminium sulfate (Al2(SO4)3) in its anhydrous forms a white powder, readily soluble in water. Aluminium sulfate is the second most important industrial compound of alumnium after aluminium oxide. Aluminium sulfate is mainly used for treating water and about one half of the total production goes into the paper industry. In Germany and most European countries, aluminium sulfate is produced primarily from aluminium hydroxide and sulfuric acid by the Giulini process. This dataset is based on information provided in a filled in questionnaire by one European company.
The activity starts when the raw materials enter the process.
This activity ends with the production of aluminium sulfate. It includes the processing of the raw input materials, as well as the energy consumption for production. No emissions are included apart from water.
References
ecoinvent (2017) Data on the Production of Chemicals created for the EU Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) pilot phase implementation, www.ecoinvent.org, ecoinvent Association, Z\xc3\xbcrich, Switzerland
Gendorf (2016) Umwelterkl\xc3\xa4rung 2015, Werk Gendorf Industriepark, www.gendorf.de
Hischier R. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Packagings & Graphical Papers. ecoinvent-Report No. 11, Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, D\xc3\xbcbendorf, 2007.
Helmboldt, O., Keith Hudson, L., Misra, C., Wefers, K., Heck, W., Stark, H., Danner, M. and R\xc3\xb6sch, N. 2007. Aluminum Compounds, Inorganic. Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry. 1\xe2\x80\x9317.
Water content of the reference product: 0.0 kg
Biogenic carbon content of the reference product: 0.0 kg
DATA QUALITY ASSESSMENT
The data quality ratings for the datasets were determined as the average of the 5 individual ratings for Technological Representativeness, Geographical Representativeness, Time-related representativeness, Precision/uncertainty, and implementation of the End of Life Formula. The final scores for these 5 descriptors were determined by the independent, external reviewer after a discussion with the internal reviewers. The basis for this determination was generally a contribution analysis of the material and energy inputs as well as direct resource uses and emissions. This process was required by the tender.
The contribution analysis is based on the most important flows in the dataset, defined in the tender specifications as \xe2\x80\x9cthe unit processes contributing cumulatively to at least to 80% of the total environmental impact based on characterised and normalised results\xe2\x80\x9d. In addition to unit processes, direct emissions also qualified as input exchanges for this approach. For the normalization, the normalisation factors \xe2\x80\x9cEC-JRC Global (2010 or 2013), per person\xe2\x80\x9d available at http://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/?page_id=140 were used. For each parameter, the DQR scores were chosen to best reflect the conditions and quality of the amount value, the appropriateness of the chosen exchange for the specific needs of the system under analysis, and the quality of the foreground and background data for aggregated inputs of exchanges from the technosphere, i.e. not direct emissions or resource uses.
ENERGY AND TRANSPORT INFORMATION SOURCE
Energy and transport was used in both the foreground and background of this dataset. When building the dataset, energy and transport demands were supplied directly by datasets provided by thinkstep. The background for every other input from technosphere uses a modified version of the ecoinvent database, created specifically for the PEF. In this version, every instance of energy and transport supply, anywhere in the database, was replaced by a dataset from thinkstep. This ensures that every demand for energy and transport, in the foreground and in the background, is supplied by a thinkstep dataset.
BILL OF MATERIALS
The bill of material includes the following inputs:
aluminium hydroxide: 0.25 kg
chemical factory, organics: 4e-10 unit
sulfuric acid: 0.5 kg
Electricity: 0.5 kWh.
NOT INCLUDED EXCHANGES
The following exchanges have not been included in the inventory as they are not part of the official list of elementary exchanges published by the JRC. The EC and JRC were not able to provide an extended flow list during the duration of the data creation. If the JRC decides to include these exchanges in the master data, they may be added to the exchange section of the dataset by ecoinvent as part of a maintenance. The absence of these exchanges does not change the scores calculated with the ILCD recommended methods, but that might not be the case for other LCIA methods.
Fatty acid methyl ester, Emissions to air, Emissions to air, unspecified: 1.22e-15 kg
inland water bodies, Resources, Land occupation: 2.19e-05 m2*a
sodium hydroxide, Emissions to water, Emissions to water, unspecified: 2.51e-14 kg
sodium hypochlorite, Emissions to water, Emissions to water, unspecified: 4.67e-14 kg
PROCESS DIAGRAM LEGEND
The file 'chemical_dataset_diagram.jpg' presents the relationship between partially terminated datasets, energy and transport from datasets from thinkstep, and the aggregated inputs dataset. The aggregated inputs dataset is available on the node, under the name 'Aluminium sulphate powder production, aggregated inputs, RER.xml'
The following datasets from thinkstep are used as inputs of energy:
0.5 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - EU-28+3
The following datasets from thinkstep are used as inputs of transport:
0.00407 metric ton*km of Transport from Barge - EU-28+3
0.00823 metric ton*km of Transport from Barge - ROW w/o EU-28+3
0.0275 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 3, Total weight >32 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.00202 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 3, Total weight 20-26 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.0119 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Total weight 20-26 t, mix Euro 0-5 - ROW w/o EU-28+3
0.00892 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Total weight 14-20 t, mix Euro 0-5 - ROW w/o EU-28+3
0.00594 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Total weight 28-32 t, mix Euro 0-5 - ROW w/o EU-28+3
0.00101 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 3, Total weight 28-32 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.00164 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 3, Total weight 14-20 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.00154 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 3, Total weight <7.5 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.000126 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 3, Total weight 12-14 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.000283 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 3, Total weight 7,5-12 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.0255 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 4, Total weight >32 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.000832 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 4, Total weight 20-26 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.00134 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 4, Total weight 12-14 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.00175 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 4, Total weight 14-20 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.001 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 4, Total weight <7.5 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.000201 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 4, Total weight 7,5-12 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.0108 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 5, Total weight >32 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.000547 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 5, Total weight 12-14 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.000337 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 5, Total weight 20-26 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.000716 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 5, Total weight 14-20 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.000401 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 5, Total weight <7.5 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
9.44e-05 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 5, Total weight 7,5-12 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.299 metric ton*km of Transporting capacity from Transoceanic ship, containers - GLO
0.0752 metric ton*km of Transport from Freight train, diesel traction - EU-28+3
0.0762 metric ton*km of Transport from Freight train, electricity traction - EU-28+3
0.0031 metric ton*km of Transport from Freight train, average (without fuel) - EU-28+3 |
