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General comment TYPE OF DATASET
For every chemical compound three datasets are created; the unit process (partially terminated system), the non-energy and transport component of the partially terminated system, and the cumulative life cycle inventory dataset (system process). For more information and flow chart see the report (ecoinvent, 2017, Data on the Production of Chemicals created for the EU Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) pilot phase implementation, www.ecoinvent.org, ecoinvent Association, Z\xc3\xbcrich, Switzerland). This dataset represent the cumulative life cycle inventory dataset (system process).
PROCESS DESCRIPTION
This dataset represents the production of 1 kg of alkyl ketene dimer (AKD). AKD is a waxy, water-insoluble solid which is produced from fatty acids. It is one of the most widely used sizing agents for the production of paper, where it is used for increasing the hydrophobicity of paper (Hischier 2007).
The activity starts when the raw materials enter the process.
Materials entering the process are included as well as energy uses, infrastructure and emissions.
References
ecoinvent (2017) Data on the Production of Chemicals created for the EU Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) pilot phase implementation, www.ecoinvent.org, ecoinvent Association, Z\xc3\xbcrich, Switzerland
Gendorf (2016) Umwelterkl\xc3\xa4rung 2015, Werk Gendorf Industriepark, www.gendorf.de
Hischier R. (2007) Life Cycle Inventories of Packagings & Graphical Papers. ecoinvent report No. 11. Swiss Centre for Life Cycle Inventories, D\xc3\xbcbendorf, 2007.
Kumar S., Chauhan V. S., Chakrabarti S. K. (2012) Separation and analysis techniques for bound and unbound alkyl ketene dimer (AKD) in paper: A review, Arabian Journal of Chemistry, Volume 9, Supplement 2
Roberts J. C. (1996) Neutral and alkaline sizing, in Paper Chemistry, pp 140-160
BAFS, 2012. GPS Safety Summary. Alkyl Ketene Dimer (AKD). Retrieved from: http://www.windenergy.basf.com/group/corporate/wind-energy/en/literature-document:/GPS+Safety+Summaries--Alkyl+Ketene+Dimer+AKD-English.pdf, accessed 1 April 2017
Water content of the reference product: 0.0 kg
Biogenic carbon content of the reference product: 0.538228773584906 kg
DATA QUALITY ASSESSMENT
The data quality ratings for the datasets were determined as the average of the 5 individual ratings for Technological Representativeness, Geographical Representativeness, Time-related representativeness, Precision/uncertainty, and implementation of the End of Life Formula. The final scores for these 5 descriptors were determined by the independent, external reviewer after a discussion with the internal reviewers. The basis for this determination was generally a contribution analysis of the material and energy inputs as well as direct resource uses and emissions. This process was required by the tender.
The contribution analysis is based on the most important flows in the dataset, defined in the tender specifications as \xe2\x80\x9cthe unit processes contributing cumulatively to at least to 80% of the total environmental impact based on characterised and normalised results\xe2\x80\x9d. In addition to unit processes, direct emissions also qualified as input exchanges for this approach. For the normalization, the normalisation factors \xe2\x80\x9cEC-JRC Global (2010 or 2013), per person\xe2\x80\x9d available at http://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/?page_id=140 were used. For each parameter, the DQR scores were chosen to best reflect the conditions and quality of the amount value, the appropriateness of the chosen exchange for the specific needs of the system under analysis, and the quality of the foreground and background data for aggregated inputs of exchanges from the technosphere, i.e. not direct emissions or resource uses.
ENERGY AND TRANSPORT INFORMATION SOURCE
Energy and transport was used in both the foreground and background of this dataset. When building the dataset, energy and transport demands were supplied directly by datasets provided by thinkstep. The background for every other input from technosphere uses a modified version of the ecoinvent database, created specifically for the PEF. In this version, every instance of energy and transport supply, anywhere in the database, was replaced by a dataset from thinkstep. This ensures that every demand for energy and transport, in the foreground and in the background, is supplied by a thinkstep dataset.
BILL OF MATERIALS
The bill of material includes the following inputs:
chemical factory, organics: 4e-10 unit
heat, in chemical industry: 3.8775 MJ
nitrogen, liquid: 0.019 kg
tap water: 0.026 kg
wastewater, average: -2.7e-06 m3
Electricity: 4.34072351983 kWh
Thermal energy (MJ): 25.13469572 MJ
stearic acid chloride: 1.19666280683 kg.
NOT INCLUDED EXCHANGES
The following exchanges have not been included in the inventory as they are not part of the official list of elementary exchanges published by the JRC. The EC and JRC were not able to provide an extended flow list during the duration of the data creation. If the JRC decides to include these exchanges in the master data, they may be added to the exchange section of the dataset by ecoinvent as part of a maintenance. The absence of these exchanges does not change the scores calculated with the ILCD recommended methods, but that might not be the case for other LCIA methods.
Fatty acid methyl ester, Emissions to air, Emissions to air, unspecified: 5.3e-15 kg
inland water bodies, Resources, Land occupation: 0.00017 m2*a
sodium hydroxide, Emissions to water, Emissions to water, unspecified: 1.4e-11 kg
sodium hypochlorite, Emissions to water, Emissions to water, unspecified: 2.6e-11 kg
PROCESS DIAGRAM LEGEND
The file 'chemical_dataset_diagram.jpg' presents the relationship between partially terminated datasets, energy and transport from datasets from thinkstep, and the aggregated inputs dataset. The aggregated inputs dataset is available on the node, under the name 'AKD sizer production, aggregated inputs, GLO.xml'
The following datasets from thinkstep are used as inputs of energy:
0.00102 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - SG
4.89 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from natural gas - RU
0.0756 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from natural gas - AU
0.226 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - CN
0.247 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from natural gas - CA
0.000256 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - OM
0.000492 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - MA
0.000472 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - KZ
1.98 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from hard coal - RAS
1.42 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - EU-28+3
0.165 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from light fuel oil (LFO) - BR
0.00196 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - TR
0.294 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from natural gas - SA
0.0115 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - NZ
5.95e-05 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - CD
2.83 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from light fuel oil (LFO) - EU-28+3
0.113 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from natural gas - RAS
0.0669 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - AU
0.000846 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - DZ
0.121 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from hard coal - AU
0.000202 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - LK
0.000668 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - KW
0.0012 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - VE
0.00151 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - AR
0.059 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from light fuel oil (LFO) - SA
0.482 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from hard coal - RSA
0.111 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from natural gas - TR
2.4 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from hard coal - RNA
0.143 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from light fuel oil (LFO) - RU
0.855 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from light fuel oil (LFO) - JP
0.00111 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - IL
0.0904 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from light fuel oil (LFO) - TR
0.133 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from natural gas - RNA
0.212 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from light fuel oil (LFO) - CA
0.000742 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - EG
0.00149 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - AE
0.266 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - RSA
0.000906 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - PK
0.156 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from light fuel oil (LFO) - IN
0.422 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from light fuel oil (LFO) - CN
0.000155 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - KE
0.0994 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - RAF
0.000259 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - IQ
0.77 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from natural gas - US
1.32 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - RNA
0.907 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - RAS w/o CN
0.0535 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from light fuel oil (LFO) - ID
0.13 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from light fuel oil (LFO) - AU
5.77 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from natural gas - ROW
0.0922 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from natural gas - BR
2.35 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from light fuel oil (LFO) - US
0.00868 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - RU
0.000928 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - NG
0.174 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from natural gas - KR
0.000356 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - QA
0.0308 MJ of Thermal energy (MJ) from Thermal energy from natural gas - RSA
0.000852 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - PH
6.18e-05 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - PY
The following datasets from thinkstep are used as inputs of transport:
0.000268 metric ton*km of Transport from Freight train, diesel traction - EU-28+3
0.000281 metric ton*km of Transport from Freight train, electricity traction - EU-28+3
3.82e-05 metric ton*km of Transport from Freight train, average (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.000105 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 3, Total weight >32 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
7.68e-06 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 3, Total weight 20-26 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
4.52e-05 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Total weight 20-26 t, mix Euro 0-5 - ROW w/o EU-28+3
3.39e-05 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Total weight 14-20 t, mix Euro 0-5 - ROW w/o EU-28+3
2.26e-05 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Total weight 28-32 t, mix Euro 0-5 - ROW w/o EU-28+3
3.84e-06 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 3, Total weight 28-32 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
6.24e-06 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 3, Total weight 14-20 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
5.86e-06 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 3, Total weight <7.5 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
4.78e-07 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 3, Total weight 12-14 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
1.08e-06 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 3, Total weight 7,5-12 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
9.67e-05 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 4, Total weight >32 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
3.16e-06 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 4, Total weight 20-26 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
5.08e-06 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 4, Total weight 12-14 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
6.67e-06 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 4, Total weight 14-20 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
3.81e-06 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 4, Total weight <7.5 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
7.63e-07 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 4, Total weight 7,5-12 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
4.1e-05 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 5, Total weight >32 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
2.08e-06 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 5, Total weight 12-14 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
1.28e-06 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 5, Total weight 20-26 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
2.72e-06 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 5, Total weight 14-20 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
1.52e-06 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 5, Total weight <7.5 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
3.59e-07 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 5, Total weight 7,5-12 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3 |
