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General comment TYPE OF DATASET
For every chemical compound three datasets are created; the unit process (partially terminated system), the non-energy and transport component of the partially terminated system, and the cumulative life cycle inventory dataset (system process). For more information and flow chart see the report (ecoinvent, 2017, Data on the Production of Chemicals created for the EU Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) pilot phase implementation, www.ecoinvent.org, ecoinvent Association, Z\xc3\xbcrich, Switzerland). This dataset represent the cumulative life cycle inventory dataset (system process).
PROCESS DESCRIPTION
Acetone is mainly used as a solvent in the chemical industry (Gallardo Hipolito 2011). Acetone is a co-product of the cumene phenol process, also known as the Hock process (Gallardo Hipolito 2011). Phenol global production in 2008 was of 9.9 million tons, of which 98.5% was produced through this process (SRI consulting). Global production of acetone is around 5.5 million metric tons (Gallardo Hipolito 2011).
The activity starts when the raw materials enter the process.
Materials entering the process are included as well as energy uses, infrastructure and emissions.
References
ecoinvent (2017) Data on the Production of Chemicals created for the EU Product Environmental Footprint (PEF) pilot phase implementation, www.ecoinvent.org, ecoinvent Association, Z\xc3\xbcrich, Switzerland
Gendorf (2016) Umwelterkl\xc3\xa4rung 2015, Werk Gendorf Industriepark, www.gendorf.de
Gallardo Hipolito, M. 2011. Life Cycle Assessment of platform chemicals from fossil and lignocellulosic biomass scenarios LCA of phenolic compounds, solvent, soft and hard plastic precursors. Master in Industrial Ecology. Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Energy and Process Engineering. Retrieved from: http://daim.idi.ntnu.no/masteroppgaver/006/6362/tittelside.pdf, accessed 6 January 2017
SRI consulting. In: Gallardo Hipolito, M. 2011. Life Cycle Assessment of platform chemicals from fossil and lignocellulosic biomass scenarios LCA of phenolic compounds, solvent, soft and hard plastic precursors. Master in Industrial Ecology. Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Energy and Process Engineering. Retrieved from: http://daim.idi.ntnu.no/masteroppgaver/006/6362/tittelside.pdf, accessed 6 January 2017
Gallardo Hipolito, M. 2011. Life Cycle Assessment of platform chemicals from fossil and lignocellulosic biomass scenarios LCA of phenolic compounds, solvent, soft and hard plastic precursors. Master in Industrial Ecology. Norwegian University of Science and Technology Department of Energy and Process Engineering. Retrieved from: http://e-archivo.uc3m.es/bitstream/handle/10016/14718/Life%20Cycle%20Assessment%20of%20platform%20chemicals%20from%20fossil%20and%20lignocelulose%20scenarios.%20Martin%20Gallardo.pdf?sequence=2, accessed 6 January 2017
Saygin, D. 2009. Chemical and Petrochemical Sector Potential of best practice technology and other measures for improving energy efficiency. IEA information paper. IEA/OECD. Retrieved from: https://www.iea.org/publications/freepublications/publication/chemical_petrochemical_sector.pdf, accessed 6 January 2017
Water content of the reference product: 0.0 kg
Biogenic carbon content of the reference product: 0.0 kg
DATA QUALITY ASSESSMENT
The data quality ratings for the datasets were determined as the average of the 5 individual ratings for Technological Representativeness, Geographical Representativeness, Time-related representativeness, Precision/uncertainty, and implementation of the End of Life Formula. The final scores for these 5 descriptors were determined by the independent, external reviewer after a discussion with the internal reviewers. The basis for this determination was generally a contribution analysis of the material and energy inputs as well as direct resource uses and emissions. This process was required by the tender.
The contribution analysis is based on the most important flows in the dataset, defined in the tender specifications as \xe2\x80\x9cthe unit processes contributing cumulatively to at least to 80% of the total environmental impact based on characterised and normalised results\xe2\x80\x9d. In addition to unit processes, direct emissions also qualified as input exchanges for this approach. For the normalization, the normalisation factors \xe2\x80\x9cEC-JRC Global (2010 or 2013), per person\xe2\x80\x9d available at http://eplca.jrc.ec.europa.eu/?page_id=140 were used. For each parameter, the DQR scores were chosen to best reflect the conditions and quality of the amount value, the appropriateness of the chosen exchange for the specific needs of the system under analysis, and the quality of the foreground and background data for aggregated inputs of exchanges from the technosphere, i.e. not direct emissions or resource uses.
ENERGY AND TRANSPORT INFORMATION SOURCE
Energy and transport was used in both the foreground and background of this dataset. When building the dataset, energy and transport demands were supplied directly by datasets provided by thinkstep. The background for every other input from technosphere uses a modified version of the ecoinvent database, created specifically for the PEF. In this version, every instance of energy and transport supply, anywhere in the database, was replaced by a dataset from thinkstep. This ensures that every demand for energy and transport, in the foreground and in the background, is supplied by a thinkstep dataset.
BILL OF MATERIALS
The bill of material includes the following inputs:
chemical factory, organics: 1.84575859807e-10 unit
cumene: 0.620333595218 kg
heat, in chemical industry: 1.08438317636 MJ
nitrogen, liquid: 0.00876735334082 kg
tap water: 0.0119974308874 kg
wastewater, average: -1.2458870537e-06 m3
Electricity: 0.191958894199 kWh.
NOT INCLUDED EXCHANGES
The following exchanges have not been included in the inventory as they are not part of the official list of elementary exchanges published by the JRC. The EC and JRC were not able to provide an extended flow list during the duration of the data creation. If the JRC decides to include these exchanges in the master data, they may be added to the exchange section of the dataset by ecoinvent as part of a maintenance. The absence of these exchanges does not change the scores calculated with the ILCD recommended methods, but that might not be the case for other LCIA methods.
inland water bodies, Resources, Land occupation: 3.44e-05 m2*a
sodium hydroxide, Emissions to water, Emissions to water, unspecified: 2.1e-14 kg
sodium hypochlorite, Emissions to water, Emissions to water, unspecified: 3.9e-14 kg
PROCESS DIAGRAM LEGEND
The file 'chemical_dataset_diagram.jpg' presents the relationship between partially terminated datasets, energy and transport from datasets from thinkstep, and the aggregated inputs dataset. The aggregated inputs dataset is available on the node, under the name 'Acetone from cumene production, aggregated inputs, RER.xml'
The following datasets from thinkstep are used as inputs of energy:
0.192 kWh of Electricity from Electricity grid mix 1kV-60kV - EU-28+3
The following datasets from thinkstep are used as inputs of transport:
0.00504 metric ton*km of Transport from Barge - EU-28+3
0.0102 metric ton*km of Transport from Barge - ROW w/o EU-28+3
0.0342 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 3, Total weight >32 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.00251 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 3, Total weight 20-26 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.0148 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Total weight 20-26 t, mix Euro 0-5 - ROW w/o EU-28+3
0.0111 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Total weight 14-20 t, mix Euro 0-5 - ROW w/o EU-28+3
0.00738 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Total weight 28-32 t, mix Euro 0-5 - ROW w/o EU-28+3
0.00126 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 3, Total weight 28-32 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.00204 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 3, Total weight 14-20 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.00192 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 3, Total weight <7.5 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.000156 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 3, Total weight 12-14 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.000352 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 3, Total weight 7,5-12 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.0316 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 4, Total weight >32 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.00103 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 4, Total weight 20-26 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.00166 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 4, Total weight 12-14 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.00218 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 4, Total weight 14-20 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.00125 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 4, Total weight <7.5 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.000249 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 4, Total weight 7,5-12 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.0134 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 5, Total weight >32 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.00068 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 5, Total weight 12-14 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.000419 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 5, Total weight 20-26 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.000889 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 5, Total weight 14-20 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.000498 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 5, Total weight <7.5 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.000117 metric ton*km of Transport from Articulated lorry transport, Euro 5, Total weight 7,5-12 t (without fuel) - EU-28+3
0.372 metric ton*km of Transporting capacity from Transoceanic ship, containers - GLO
0.0934 metric ton*km of Transport from Freight train, diesel traction - EU-28+3
0.0946 metric ton*km of Transport from Freight train, electricity traction - EU-28+3
0.00393 metric ton*km of Transport from Freight train, average (without fuel) - EU-28+3 |
